In Lithuania, military service can take several forms. Each form corresponds to a different level of preparedness and individual circumstances, but all of them reflect the State’s aim to ensure comprehensive defence readiness.
Compulsory military service forms
The main form of military service is compulsory initial military service. It usually lasts for 9 months and is performed by men aged 18-22 who have not been granted a deferral or exemption. Conscripts who were assigned to service but did not report for duty, and conscripts who have acquired professions (qualifications) that are lacking in the Lithuanian Armed Forces, are called up for service until the person reaches the age of 31. Women are invited to serve only on a voluntary basis.
During compulsory initial military service, conscripts are entitled to social guarantees provided by the State: free medical care, compulsory health and social insurance, accommodation, meals, and monthly allowances.
University students may fulfil their military service by participating in the Junior Officer Commanders’ Training Programme. This is a special programme conducted alongside university studies, allowing students to combine academic education with military training. The programme is implemented in stages throughout the study period and includes theoretical training, practical exercises, and leadership skill development in the final years. Upon completing the programme, a student receives the rank of reserve officer (usually second lieutenant) and is considered to have fulfilled the military service obligation.
note The Junior Officer Commanders’ Training Programme is equivalent to compulsory military service. Therefore, students do not have to serve an additional term of compulsory initial military service.
Another form is alternative national defence service, available to persons who refuse to perform armed service due to religious or pacifist beliefs. This service is carried out in state and municipality institutions or agencies as well as public benefit non-govermental organisations but still contributes to the functioning of the national defence system.